Art of heat insulation



Nov. 22, 1932. a. H. WENZEL ETAL ART OF HEAT INSULATION 01-1 mm Filed Dec. 17, 1925 Patented Nov. 22, 1932 UNETED STATES PATENT" OFFICE EDWIN H. WENZEL AND MAXIMILLIAN P. JANISCH, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN;

SAID JANISCH ASSIGNOR TO SAID WENZEL ART OF HEAT INSULATION Original application filed. December 17, 1923, Serial No. 681,308. Divided and this application filed May 9,

1929. Serial 110,361,560. a

This invention relates to improvements in {1b}? art of heat insulation of walls and the e. The purpose of the particular invention herein disclosed is to provide an improved insulating structure more efiiective and adapted for installation at lower cost than has heretofore been possible. More specifically it is the purpose of the invention to 19 provide a mat of insulating material built up directly upon the wall to be insulated and co-extensive with each wall area, the mat being adhesively joined to the wall and to the structural member abutting the wall and 5 bourding each wall to whichthe mat is aplie p Walls have heretofore been insulated by prepared sheets of material shipped to the point of installation, cut to size and nailed in position. The present invention contemplates the use of comminuted material and an adhesive or binding substance by means of which the particles of material are caused to adhere to each other and to any surface upon which they are projected. In practice the material may comprise paper in irregular fragments or like fragments of any other substance of high bulkin insulating value such as corn stalk refuse, fiax straw 80 and the like. Preferably, however, comminuted fragments of fiat sheets are used. The preferred method of assembling-the mat to which the present invention relates involves the projection of the fragments 0t insulating material by means of an air stream upon the surface to be insulated and providing in the path of material so projected, a mist of adhesive whereby the individual fragments are coated with adhesive and 4 rendered adherent to each other and to the wall surfaces. This method is not claimed herein since it comprises the subject matter of my-copending application #681,308 filed December 17th, 1923 of which this application is a division.

Aside from economies effected by the above described method of application of'the insulating material to the wall a great advantage of the mat to which the presentinvention relates consists in-the fact that it is completely co-extensive with the surface to which it is applied and is adherent not only to the wall boards but also to the studs, plates or other structural members bounding the area to which the mat is applied, whereby it is possible not only to ensure the adequate insulation of narrow crevices which cannot conveniently be insulated by a sheet of material cut to size, but also the adhesion of the mat to the structural members of the wall, so eliminating cracks through which heat loss and drafts of air might occur.

In the drawing- Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevation illustrating an insulating mat applied to a wall 5 area in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a detail view in horizontal section through the fragment of wall shown inl iigure 1.

rlgure 3 is an enlarged detail in front ele- I vation showing a fragment of the insulating mat embodying this invention.

bike parts are ident fied by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

The wall structure illustrated comprises wall boards or siding 5 applied to vertical structural members or studs 6 extending between a lower plate 7 and an upper plate 8.

-A portion or the apparatus by which the mat is assembled upon the wall to be insulated is shown in Figure 1. An air stream supplied through hose 9 is deliveredfrom nozzle 10 under the control of a valve 11. This air stream carries the dry particles of fibrous matter, preferably comminuted paper, corn husks, or the like, which are to comprise the mat.

The hose 12 carries a supply of adhesive under pressure which 'is delivered in the form of spray from nozzle 13 under control of valve 14. The spray is projected in the path traversed by the comminuted fragments of fibrous material delivered from nozzle 10 whereby each such fragment is superficially coated. A convenient and cheap adhesive comprises a solution of sodium silicate but other adhesives may be used if desired.

The mat may also be built up by projecting the particles of insulating material and 100 ltl the adhesive upon the wall in successive coatings. 7

Since the fragments of fibrous or porous material projecting on the Wall are initially dry they will not strike the wall with any material impact and consequently will lodge in a great variety of positions. Due to this fact and due to the irregular shape of the fragments, the resulting mat not only derives heat insulating value from the porous or fibrous nature of the material used but also from the innumerable interstices formed be tween the particles of material in the venous positions in which they lodge on the wall, The points of contact between such particles of material will ordinarily be comparatively few in number and each fragment will be adherent at each such point of contact to each other fragment or to. the adjacent surface of the siding or structural members of the wall. The mat thus built may be of any desired thickness.

As above indicated one of the great advantages of a mat of the characteristics to which this invention relates consists in the fact that there are no crevices through which heat may radiate or convection currents of air may pass. The mat is co-extensive with the surface requiring insulation even to the point of being adherent to such surface and to the structural members defining boundaries thereof.

By way of summary it may be repeated that the mat comprises initially dry fragments of insulating material, preferably comminuted fibrous or porous sheets or stalks, the particles of material being joined together at innumerable angles by a superficial coating of adhesivewhlch not only connects the particles to each other but connects the mat as a whole to the entire area or wall surface to be insulated, and also to the structural members bounding such surface. The adhesive used is not present in such quantities as to impregnate the porous or fibrous particles of insulatin material employed or to fill the interstices ietween such particles.

We claim:

1. An insulating mat comprising fragments of fibrous sheet material of irregular form having adhesive means superficially connecting them to each other at their several points of contact and disposed in various irregular positions whereby to minimize points of contact between them and to provide innumerable air spaces-throughout the mate 2. The combination with a wallhaving a surface to be insulated bounded by structural members, of an insulating mat comprising innumerable fragments disposed in a variety of irregular positions and provided with ad hesive means for bonding them to each other and to the surface to be insulated and to the structural members bounding such surface whereby said mat comprises large numbers aeeaeei of irregular air cells and is completely coextensive with said surface.

3. The combination with a wall comprising structural members and wall boards providing an intervening surface area outlined by said structural members, of a mat completely coextensive with said area and comprising innumerable fragments of flat paper-like material, porous in texture and disposed in a variety of irre ular positions, said fragments being superficially coated .with adhesive bonding said fragments together at their points of contact and also bonding to said surface and structural members the fragments adjacent therto.

4:. An insulating mat comprising a multiplicity of layers of comminuted fragments of fibrous sheet material bonded in irregular positions to each other and superficially,

coated with adhesive whereby to provide open porous cells in such material supplementing interstitial spaces between said fragments.

5. The combination with the interior surface of a building wall, such surface being,

ing unimpregnated open cells and superficial-v ly adherent to each other in various positions.

6. The'combination with the interior surface of a building wall, such surface being bounded-by structural members, of a mat coextensive with said surface and comprising.

a multiplicity of successive layers of irregular fragments of insulating material having unimpregnated open cells and superficially adherent to each other in various positions,

said fragments being also adherent to said surface and the structural members defining the boundaries thereof whereby said mat is solely supported.

7. An insulating mat comprising a multiplicity of fragments of fibrous sheet material of irregular form bonded to each other at points of contact with adhesive, and positioned at innumerable heterogeneous angles with reference to each other by the adhesive bond and the irregular fibrous margins of the fragments of material, whereby the mat is cellular.

8. An insulating body comprising a three dimensional cellular structure including in combination large numbers of irregular fragments of fibrous sheet material held at innumerable heterogeneous angles with respect to each other by their fibrous margins, and lightly bonded to each other at points of contact.

9. The combination with the interior surface of a building wall, of a mat co-extensive with said surface and comprising a multiplicity of successive layers of irregular fragments of insulating material having unimpregnated open cells and superficially at llllt ill! herent to each other in various positions, said fragments being also adherent to said surface whereby said mat is solely supported.

10. The combination with a wall provid ing a supporting surface area, of a mat completely co-extensive with said area and comprising innumerable fragments of flat paperlike material, tporous in texture and disposed in a variety 0 irregular positions, said fragments being superficially coated with adhesive bonding said fragments together at their points of contact. and also bonding to said supporting surface the fragments adjacent thereto. EDWIN H. WENZEL.

- IAN P. JANISCH. 

